sisihan at hugasan ng kamay

(this the the fifth and last article of the board exam series: Tip to top; It's a team play; bored teachers; administravision)

Sa isang tagayan:
Alumni: Nakakahiya ka student, dinungisan mo ang record ng skul natin bakit ka bumagsak sa board?

Parent: oo nga eh, sayang ang ginastos ko dyan
Student: Huwag ako ang sisihin ninyo. Si teacher ko kasi kulang ang binigay na lesson. Akalain mo ni isa sa mga questions sa board ay hindi man lang niya naituro.
Teacher: Ba't ako ang sisihin mo, ang hirap kasi sa inyo mga estudyante, spoon-feeding kayo. Gusto ninyo sinusubo lahat. Ni hindi nga kayo pumupunta sa library
Student: Palagi naman kasing wala si Teacher
Teacher: Owws... kayo nga ang gusto palaging walang klase eh. Mas nauuna pa nga kayo kesa memorandum

Student: At wala pa kaming sapat na laboratory.
Teacher: kung laboratory, huwag ako sisihin mo. Sisihin mo si Admin. walang suporta sa atin
Admin: Bakit ako? May binibili naman tayong mga lab equipment ah
Teacher: pero kulang
Admin: Kulang pa yon? halos naubos na pondo natin, kulang pa iyon?
Student: Paano ho ba naubos ang pondo, eh kulang naman ang lab namin?

Parent: Paano maubos, nagbayad naman kami ng 10k kada semester ah.
Admin: sampung libo? eh 5k lang naman sinisingal ko ah.
Parent: oh ito oh ang mga resibo. Acquaintance party, kickout party, pasiklaban party, field trip, intrams fee, society fee, LSG fee, fines.
Admin: hindi kami ang nagasingil nyan!
Parent: bakit may resibo? niloko mo ako anak ah.
Student: malay ko! katabi man nagabigay ng enrolment form yung nagasingil nyan. hindi nga kami makakuha ng forn kung hindi kami makabayad niyan eh. tapos di kami bigyan ng pre-clearance pag wala signature nila.

Admin: Basta kami wala kaming kinalaman dyan. Hinahayaan namin yang mga student orgs na iyan kasi kami naniniwala sa right to self-organization nila
Parent: Eh saan pala pumupunta yung 5k namin kung wala namang lab yung anak ko?
Admin: kung tutuusin kulang pa yan eh. Halos nahihirapan nga kaming sweldohan ang mga contractual namin eh. Tapos pinipilit pa kami ni Teacher na magpataas ng sweldo at bonus.
Teacher: karapatan namin yun!
Admin: kung kakulangan sa sweldo, huwag kami ang sisihin nyo. Kasalanan ni DBM yan. kinaltasan niya ang budget natin.

DBM: nanahimik ang tao, ginugulo niyo! Anong kinaltasan eh tinaasan ko pa nga ng 10% ang mga budget niyo eh.
Admin: tinaasan nga pero sinabihan nyo kaming taasan din sweldo ng mga permanent personnel namin. Eh di parang wala!
Parent at Alumni: Oo nga. Bakit ba kulang binibigay mo DBM sa kay Admin?
DBM: Hoy Parent at Alumni, magbayad kayo ng tamang buwis para may ipamigay kami kay Admin!

administravision

(This is the fourth article in the board exam series)

I have been away for almost four years from USM. As such, I have no idea how the current administration have been doing with regards to steering the students towards performing better in the board examination. All I can offer here is my insights on how we could move forward in our quest. I will be using some strategies that may work in the USM context based on my experiences in observing other higher education institutions in the Philippines and abroad. This article is about the role of university management in nurturing academic excellence. I will divide this article into (a) support to teachers, (b) academic and student support, (c) administrative support.

Support to teachers. As I have illustrated in the previous article  (bored teachers), the management can enhance knowledge transfer my engaging with teachers through a relevant faculty development program (FDP). Several universities I have gone have this. There is a clear schedule for graduate studies by faculty members (who will take MS, who will take PhD this time, next year?). It is the duty of the college and the human resources office to look for scholarships for the individual faculty. Or the management will hire those with graduate degree already. Scholarships are expensive though. Alternately, the admin can send faculty members to seminars and convention. Perhaps a endowment fund for this purpose can be created. A faculty member who will actively participate in a seminar (say facilitator, lecturer, paper presentor) can seek funding. I guess we can ask help from the alumni to fund this. Add this to our bucket list.

The FDP also outlines the different skills enhancing activities for faculty members including but not limited to personality development (because sometimes professors forgot to comb their hair) and teaching skills (because some of our professors are busy talking to the chalkboard). This should be done for free. Or why not carefully examine job applicants with innate teaching skills? Psychologists are good at this. The management may also conduct motivational activities. For example, when I took my MS in the US, undergrads are encouraged to write a letter of thanks to their respective professors. And once the professor will submit his grades, he will receive the letters from the student (hopefully not curses). Of course, let us not forget promotions and incentives. Add this to our bucket list.

Academic and student support.  In the board exam performance the central figure is actually the student and their community. The administration has to make sure the university is an environment conducive for learning. There should be a regular review of the curriculum. The management has to constantly keep in touch with CHED and PRC to keep updated with new exam syllabus or policy standards. Sometimes, a student flunk in the exam because they have not been taught about the subjects covered in the board. It would be good for OSA to regulate activities to make sure these activities are really academically relevant. Add this to the bucket list.

Updated laboratory facilities should also be taken into account. Although personally, I doubt if  laboratory equipment is a major factor in the board exam (except perhaps for chemistry where they have analytical chem). A lot of schools in Mindanao don't have sophisticated equipment like we do have but they perform better in the board exam. The problem really is that we don't have money. And the laboratory fees are really not enough. Sometimes, the strategy is to pool laboratory fees and to prioritize a particular academic program and neglect the other.

I am just thinking if it is possible to borrow money from the bank to purchase laboratory equipment and slowly pay  it back through laboratory fees. In that way, students enjoyed the equipment instead of waiting to accumulate enough fund (after the students graduated?). They have done that when they constructed the hospital to cater our nursing program. I guess this bank can accomodate this weird idea. Or why not ask help from the alumni. I guess the alumni is willing to donate a laboratory equipment than donating money. Add this to the bucket list.

Administrative and fiscal support. We need to have a strong administrative support in sourcing out money and in resource generation. I am not really good in making money so I don't have idea about this. I leave it to the experts. What I know is PNoy is willing to add more funds to SUCs with academic programs matched with his priority areas (BPOs, agriculture, electronics, infrastructure and tourism) and have majority of the students in the low income category. Bucket list.

Is the bucket full? Some of these are difficult to achieve. But with our concerted efforts we can address them and our board exams will be smooth sailing. All we need is a guiding vision. So all acts are coherent.  Administration guided by a vision.     

bored teachers

(This is the third of the board exam article series. Please read also (1) Tip to top, (2) It's also a team play)

When the board exam performance goes nowhere, students would point to their teachers as the culprit. We'll we cannot blame them. But do we really have to blame the teachers outright?

Before going any further, let me paint a picture of teacher-student knowledge exchange. When a teacher share knowledge to his students, not all will be received well by the students. Students have different capacity to absorb the knowledge shared by the teacher. For a perfect knowledge transfer, the knowledge shared by the teacher, should match the capacity of the students to receive. If the knowledge shared by the teacher is overwhelming, students will be shocked. On the other hand, if the knowledge is too miniscule, students would laugh at the teacher for being dumb. But in reality there is no such thing as match made in heaven. One has to select between too much or too little knowledge. I guess too much is better than the latter. From what is explained above, there are two actors involved here: student and the teacher. For the purpose of this article, we concentrate on the teacher.

A knowledge sharing model of a teacher 

Now, let us examine a model for knowledge sharing by a teacher to understand how knowledge can flow based on a teachers' motivation. Knowledge shared is a function of appropriate knowledge and  motivation to share. If a teacher has the appropriate knowledge and he is highly motivated, he can effectively share what he knows. Even if he has the appropriate knowledge but he is not motivated, then there is no knowledge shared. If he has the motivation but does not know anything, then knowledge was not imparted.

Appropriate knowledge as defined in this article is the knowledge that is at par with the students' capacity. It may not be directly match the capacity of the students but at least it is on a level understood and can be assimilated by the students. Knowledge is a function of knowledge bank and the capacity to impart. Knowledge bank is nourished by a teachers' further acquisition of knowledge. This can be done by research, self-study, seminars, conventions, and pursuing graduate studies. It is the obligation of a teacher to really nurture his knowledge bank to make it relevant and attuned with times.

But even if a teacher has his PhD or EdD, it does not guarantee an appropriate knowledge. A teacher should have the skills to select the right lessons and to employ right strategies and skills. This is like a withdrawal slip. Without it, one cannot withdraw from the knowledge bank. Right teaching strategies does not include intimidating the students by projecting you are a "terror" professor. This approach will motivate students to learn but for the wrong reason - fear. On the other hand, if a teacher possesses the best teaching skills but his knowledge bank account is bankrupt, then there is no knowledge imparted as well.

There are two types of motivations: rationalized and honorific. In a rationalized motivation, a teacher get motivated by salary increases, promotions, and recognition. One of the traits of a teacher is that they can be satisfied easily. A five hundred peso increase in his salary can make him throw a party worth a thousand! Even a promotion with not much salary increase makes him smile just for recognition. Let me cite an example. During my first year at USEP, we produced board topnotchers (no.1 and no. 4 in board). The then president Dr. Ed Prantilla gave us (the teachers) individually certificates of recognition for the performance in the board. We used that as additional points for our NBC (see below). It motivated the USEP AE instructors to study more to improve their teaching. Right now, majority of the AE instructors of USEP have masters degree and overtake USM as Center of Development in AE education.  How much more if the university can give a teacher substantial increase in salary?

On the other hand, a teacher is demotivated if he is neglected for so long. A teacher is usually not a radical type of guy, he would just retreat in a corner and talk to the walls about his heartaches and dissent. However, this state of mind slowly eats his person and his motivation to share. And through the years, this will have impact on his enthusiasm to teach. A proactive management needs to seek out teachers' dissent before it can be a systemic problem.

The government has seen this predicament of teachers way back. Before, the promotion is based on available items (just like the regular employees of the bureaucracy). When a professor retires, associate professors compete to get that item. This kind of competition is counterproductive. It pit teachers against each other to the extent that it can lead to backbiting. That is why the central government has instituted measures to make sure that teachers are evaluated according to his own merits regardless whether a higher rank is open or not. One teacher upon satisfying the needed points can be reclassified. This is the so-called NBC 461 which has evolved from NCC 69. The only role that the management has to do is to make sure to evaluate the teachers every two years so reclassifications (promotions) happened in every two years also. 

They say that sometimes a teacher is a fool (please read: ganyan din kami noon). That even with meager income, he can still afford to smile. This is where the honorific motivation kicks in. We can also call this as dedication. Sometimes, it is a struggle between a rationalized and the honorific motivation. When rationalized motivation is so negative compared to honorific motivation, this is the time that a teacher gives up teaching. We assumed that honorific motivation is always positive. It is the rationalized motivation that can drag the motivational state of a teacher. But so long as the conviction that teaching is a noble job, negative rationality is checked in abeyance by honorific motivation.

Using the factors discussed above, I argue that for a outstanding teacher to emerge and stay in the university, the management has to invest in graduate studies (more scholarships please) and enhancing their teaching skills (for free!). It would also be rewarding if promotions are done in an up-to-date, equitable, and transparent way. After all it is not the money a teacher wants, it is respect.

Let me sum up again the above discussion with an equation:

U = aK*C*(cR + dH)

where a = appropriateness of the knowledge
K = available knowledge in the bank
C = capacity to share
c =  quality of motivation
R =  rationalized motivation (little money and respect)
d = the strength of the honorific motivation
H = honorific motivation

Are all of these factors met?

(Next article: administravision)

It's also about team play

In a previous article (Tip to Top), I outline how should a student prepare for the board. Using basketball as analogy, preparation for board exam is like playing basketball ALONE against five opponents. The article proposes that the central figure in a board exam is the student himself. Preparation is the key.

A lot of events happened since I wrote that particular article. We were shocked to learn that a good number of USM's courses were beaten beyond recognition. When almost all of the exam takers flunked, it is a symptom of a systemic problem. It is no longer about individual's constraints but rather shared by the commune.

Since we have started discussing about board exam through basketball, let me continue my assertion through basketball as well. This time I'll continue with the role of team mates. The role of classmates and the student community as a whole. Your classmates and student organization also help a lot in supporting an individual. Using our hypothetical game, an individual strives to take a shot with the assistance of his teammates. It would be a lot easier right than playing alone? In what ways therefore the student community can help nurturing a future topnotcher?

Synergy of individual capacities. Through collaboration, one can increase its capacity. For example, one student can increase his knowledge by sharing with fellow students through group studies and intensified group learning activities. No one can muster all knowledge by himself. It is a given fact that everyone has its own competencies. One can excel in one area and maybe dumb in one area. In a solid learning group, everyone compliments their weakness with other's strength. Like basketball, there is a sharp shooter, a blocker, one with good assist skills, a ball handler, etc. The strength of the team is more than the sum of the individual players' strength.

Molding a standard. In a good group dynamics, we induced uniformity within a certain batch. We are creating a batch of more or less the same caliber. Is it in this state that we do not rely on the "star" players or the cum laudes to do the job for us. A star player-centered approach is like rejoicing one or two topnotchers at the expense of 100 or more flunkers. All the star players are with Miami Heat in the last season, but they still lost. It is already about the team.

For four to six years, a particular batch is nurtured to act as one. Let me illustrate an example. During our time, if we encounter a difficult problem, we usually retreat to a group and try to solve it. If we cannot solve it, we coordinate with other groups to find for answers. It is not really cheating because we understood what we are copying. At the end of semester, we have almost the same line of thinking. Our student organizations also are academically oriented. Fines are imposed on activities that nurture academic standard (convocations, seminars, etc.). When we took the board exams, our scores are close to each other . Needless to say, almost all of us pass the board (3 of us landed in top 10 and the rest are claiming they are no. 11). When we have created a "standard", the batch goes up and down together. Yes a batch can also go down together if they are not nurtured the right way.

Nurturing a positive synergitic power. In learning through groups, the disparity of knowledge among individual is narrowed but the knowledge has increased exponentially. In a synergitic environment, 1 + 1 is not 2 but 2 raise to a certain power. The sign of that exponent is crucial. If it is positive, the result is multiplied several times. If it is negative, the value is reduced as well. I think I have illustrated above how to nurture a positive power environment. It is group dynamics with a good content.

Let us take a look at how the negative power can come into play. The current student community dynamics is not really helping. When you have a student organization whose primary objective is how to win in beauty contests and sports activities; when you have an organization whose agenda is how to spend every last cent making acquaintance parties memorable, pasiklaban more bonggacious, and kick-out parties like there is no tomorrow, then I am afraid we assigned a negative coefficient to our synergetic power. What is worse is that societies and other organizations are forcing fellow students to attend irrelevant activities through the imposition of fines. Sadly, we only realize this after 5 or more years after the fact. At a time when this negatively signed powered activities have become the "culture and standard" of a student life. At a time when students are so addicted to it that taking it away will require a therapeutic session similar to that of a drug-dependent individual. 

Let the good times roll. Learning does not have to be dull. We also share the same laughs, and cry together for nothing. It is hard to infuse learning when the mind is not happy. Our minds are sometimes wired in such a way that we receive new ideas when we are happy. But all activities should conform to a goal of academic excellence. So that when an activity contradicts with our academic pursuit, we snub it.

Willingness to learn. I happened to teach for a year in USEP (currently, the leading university in Mindanao in terms of board exam results). I was so proud then. Coming from USM was like a giant entering a dwarf's house. The facilities there was not comparable to the ones we had in USM. The campus dean even warned us not to boast about USM because they already accept the fact that USEP is 20 years behind. But what strikes me the most is the students' willingness to learn. They make do of what they have. Students would join you in lunch and invite you to parties in the guise of asking question about lessons. They were eager to learn. Students there are good in befriending professors to learn new techniques. USEP students are clever enough to observe you when you go to library hoping that they will discover where did you got all those difficult questions. They even join USM for review to learn from USM. It is a closely knit community who thinks as one. Now if I visit USEP, I am the dwarf entering a giant's house.

In an engineering tradition, let me propose the following equation to describe a board exam performance:

Z = (aX + bY)exp (W * U * V)

where Z = board performance
X = individual taker's knowledge
Y = other takers' knowledge
a = individual taker's motivation to learn
b = other takers' motivation to share (b = 0, when there is no collaborative learning; b<0, when other takers are bad influence)

W = student community and supportive mechanism for learning
U = the teachers and their willingness to share knowledge
V = administration and its ability to provide a conducive environment for learning


Team spirit is one factor beyond the individual player. We still have to discuss the role of teachers (like the coaches) and the administration (team management). That would be discussed in the  next articles. I encourage you to share this article to those whom you know is interested about board exams too. The more shares, it will give me the synergistic power to write more.

Vis Unita Fortior. - United strength is stronger

(This is the second article of the board exam series. Please read the next article: Bored teachers)

Stories like these make me proud as a USMian

We can measure how USM has touched lives by stories of encounters in places you won't expect USM has influence. These are just simple stories. But somehow it made me happy as a USMian.

-oOo-

I paid a courtesy visit to the Center Chief of the Cagayan Valley Integrated Agricultural Research Center (CVIARC) in Ilagan, Isabela. I handed in my introductory letter to the clerk and after few minutes, I was let in inside the Chief's Office. The Chief was reading my letter when I came in. All of the sudden, he spoke in a familiar language of Maguindanaon! Wait a minute! How did he knew this language? We are on the extreme north in the land of Ilocanos and Ybanags and perhaps only Maranaos have gone this place. I recheck his name. He name is not Maguindanaon. But I admit, he speaks Maguindanaon very well. Sensing that I don't have a clue of what he is saying, he backtracked a bit and said, "You don't know Maguindanaon?". "I am sorry sir, I don't", I said. "I am Orly Lorenzana, like you, I am an alumnus of USM. Welcome to Isabela".

-oOo-

Far north in Cagayan (I mean Cagayan in Luzon not Cagayan de Oro), I did my fieldwork for my thesis. I am about to interview a group of farmers. The usual pleasantries, introduction from where I come from. I mentioned I came from USM. "USM as in University of Southern Mindanao in Kabacan, Cotabato?" One NGO worker asked. "Yes, I am," I said trying to discern how did he know about USM. Then, he asked, "Do you know Sir Boy Cena?". Then they went on explaining that Dr. Romulo Cena and Dr.  Naomi Tangonan were their consultants in their cacao production projects. As part of their agroforestry project under the Success Alliance and World Cocoa Project, that village pretty much know USM and our expertise in Cacao.

In Brgy Cabbo, Penablanca, Cagayan

-oOo-

Meanwhile my fellow Dutch researchers knows of USM because of our crocodile research project. For some time, there was debate whether their a wild population of Crocodylus mindorensis in Liguasan Marsh. Dr. Ketch Pomares, Prof. John Aries Tabora and Dr. Jonald Pimentel were the familiar names  Dutch researchers knew when talking about the Philippine Crocodile in the South.

-oOo-

We were dining in an eatery in a remote area in Ilagan, Isabela, when two ladies approached me and asked. "Sir, are you from USM?". They introduced themselves and said that they are alumna of BSND at USM. They are currently conducting survey of the nutrition status of kids in far-flung, "red" areas for the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) in Diliman. They claimed that their "training" in USM makes working in conflict-affected areas a piece of cake. They can go to places, other nutritionist are wary of going to. Talk of how tough our graduates are!

"with the tough nutritionists"

-oOo-

In one of my sessions with Isabela farmers, someone asked what rubber looks like. The conversation went fine that some farmers suggested to go to USM! Their wish was granted when two of them visited USM last June. They were so impressed with USM's landscape. "Nalawa! Napintas!". We visited the Vermicomposting Center, PCC, USMARC, and PPSM. They were impressed with "basket of technologies" available in USM. But what impressed them most is the way scientists in USM explain their respective technologies. "Ang galing ng mga professors ninyo. Hindi namimilit sa mga technolohiya at binibigay ang advantage at disadvantage ng bawat teknolohiya. Kumbaga, kami ang bahala kung saan ang gusto naming gamitin. Sa paraang yun, mas malinaw at kumbinsido kami. Bakit kaya hindi ganyan sa amin?"

"Sino nga yung cowgirl na professora sir?"

at PPSM

"Ito pala ang cacao!"

"Paano kaya naging gulong ito?"

 

   

Making USM environment-friendly

(This article was published in 2005 for my column, Envirowatch, in the college newsletter, Citadel. This was written upon return from my US graduate studies. Some of the ideas may still be or no longer relevant)

For the past two years, we have witnessed a stark increase of our population from merely around five hundred to over a thousand students. Our college has grown so fast that we need to keep up with our instructional facilities and equipment. An increase in population can be seen as a development for our college but can be a headache in environmental management.

This column is devoted to current issues and trends pertaining to environmental sciences and engineering. On the next few articles, I will be writing some topics ranging from Kyoto Protocol to our own Clean Water Act. We will also cite some worthwhile endeavors by our LGUs in their pursuit for clean and green environment.

But let us set aside first concerns in the global and national arena. Why don’t we look first at our own backyard? My first day of work in USM after two years of hibernation is full of “green questions”. I cannot help but notice the enormous problems that we have in our campus environment. I cannot help but say, “Are we environment-friendly?”

On this particular episode of my column, I will devote every byte of my thoughts to our current solid waste management as well as our current state of air quality.

Solid Waste Management in USM

The growing number of our students is equated to a considerable volume of waste generated. Our college serves as one of the service buildings of the university academic complex. As such, we also serve as a “disposal facility” for wastes generated by our faculty and students both from CENCOM and other transient occupiers. Needless to say, they turned our classrooms, lobbies, and hallways as virtual “dumpsites”.  Of course our janitorial services tried everything to cope up with the cleaning demand but still end up with a little “Payatas” right beside our Teakwood Park. 

This scenario is not confined in CENCOM. Other service college buildings followed the same fate as ours. We should not be complacent regarding this issue. Solid Waste Management is becoming a serious business in the Philippines. Did you know that a dozen mayors is facing possible fine and prison terms for not following the provisions of RA 9003 otherwise known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act? What are the main reasons for their prosecution? They simply did not close their open dumpsites. What are open dumpsites, by the way? We will not go far. Our garbage pits near Babu’s canteen, is by technical definition, an open dumpsite. And RA 9003 says this type of dumpsite should be closed by now and should be converted to a controlled dumpsite. By February 2006, all these type of disposal facilities should be converted to landfills.  We even violate RA 9003 as well as the Clean Air Act by burning these wastes!

We simply need an Integrated Solid Waste Management in USM. We can implement two strategies - waste diversion and source reduction – to reduce our stockpile of solid waste. 

 

Though not thoroughly characterized, we can say that a large proportion of solid wastes are paper products. This should give us a happy thought since paper can be collected and sold to recycling plants. Other wastes are biodegradable in nature (e.g. leaves, yard trimmings). We can create a compost pile for these resources (I’d like to call them resources than waste). If we can implement this diversion tactics, we can significantly reduce our need for a disposal space.

Source reduction, as the name implies, is trying to reduce waste by not creating them. Some examples are:

a)   Imposing double-sided printing for our reports and documents.

b)   Encouraging students not to use cover sheets and folders for their term papers, etc.

c)   Use of single spacing for final reports.

d)   Why not submit draft theses in disk? In this way, an adviser will just edit the work and give it back to the concerned for final printing. It would save paper which would certainly end up nowhere.

e)   Encourage the use of reusable workbooks. Why not buy and sell used workbooks?

f)   Consider littering as cheating (?)

Worsening Air Quality in USM

You have to spend the first 15 minutes of lecture listening to the sound of… (music? Ha ha). The rush hour is simply a nightmare. Daig pa natin ang mga urban campuses sa ingay at usok.

Of course, we can certainly translate that to technical terms. An overloaded motorcycle can emit more particulates. Two-stroke engines are less efficient, thus, would only emit more burnt fuel into the air in every work they impart. In other words, only few drops of gasoline are being used to carry our butts around the campus, we inhale the rest. There is smog around the campus.

I must say that it takes political will and careful thought to address this problem. We have to consider livelihood. We can certainly not ask tricycle operators to stop servicing our university. But we can do a little to ease the problem:

a)  Encourage students to walk from their boarding houses to school. That means start walking at around 6:30 am or 12:30 pm. Sometimes, it will also take you 30 minutes riding a tricycle to CENCOM via IASA, ULS Science, CHEFS, and Annex

b)  Perhaps re-schedule some classes in a way that not all would start at 7 am or 1 pm. Some will start 15 or 30 minutes late. In this way, the polluted air can be diluted and dispersed.

c)   Why not implement a shuttle bus (multicab) system? Kung pwede sana electric jeeps!

d)  Use bicycles! Sa mahal ng pamasahe, bicycles are worth investing. Student governments may opt to implement a bicycle loan for students.

(A sequel will be written shortly comparing USM then and now, in terms of environmental consciousness)

Of funds and fines

(Worried of the trend to fines and fund raising in the student government, I wrote this article for the college newsletter. At that time (2006), I was the Associate Dean of CENCOM. This was never published until now) 

This column is my way of expressing some thoughts as a scribe of the college. Events unfold, its inside story maybe worthwhile sharing.  I am a silent (oh really?) notetaker of events. And these are my notes…

I assumed the designation as college secretary last June 1, 2006. Barely three months from that appointment, I don’t think I have made significant stride in so far as college administration is concerned. This is my dilemma. I used to be a student leader questioning some policies of the university which we deemed not good for dudes then. Well, here I am imposing some rules on these students.

But nevertheless, I want to be as much as possible a “pro-student” though some of our present student leaders interpret some of my opinion as anti-student. Among unpopular opinion I have is opposition to excessive imposition of fines by the student government.

Student leaders may argue that imposition of fines is a good deterrent for chronic absences committed by student members. But for so many years, fines have not given enough justification for a student not to get absent on activities. In fact, even at higher fines, students still can afford to get absent.

LSGs and societies have become rich due to fines right? Am I right in saying that fines are imposed to raise funds? The simple notion of compelling students’ participation has turned out to be fund raising in disguise.

Have the student government studied why students get absent? What are the reasons behind? Have they taken steps in order to turn the situation around?

Several activities are done for students’ development. Why allow it to be paid? Why are we punishing parents for the sins committed by the students? Kung classwork ang absent, classwork din dapat ang ibayad! Kung absent sa seminar, ipaconduct nyo ng seminar, etc.

I know the student governments are very much convinced that fines is the only way to compel attendance. My challenge to the student government: Reward those students with perfect attendance from the proceeds of fines. If the LSG collected P50,000 and only 5 made it perfect on attendance, reward them with P10,000 each.

(Do you think this is still relevant? Share this to student officers you know) 

My mission is to return

(This article was written sometime in 2003 when I was still in the US for my MS. This was published in the college newsletter, Reveille. You can read also the sequel article, BatMan Returns)

For a while, I have been asking myself what am I doing here? Is it the fulfillment of a personal ambition? For some, I am lucky. It is rare for a simple guy like me to go to US to attend a reputable engineering graduate school and, on top of that, on a Fulbright Scholarship - known to be competitive and only a few have the opportunity. But my eyes opened to the reality that schooling goes beyond the usual professional development

Three months ago, I could still remember how my wife shed tears while cuddling our one-year old son as I board the bus that would carry me to Davao, to Manila, and to the US. For two years, I will be not on their side. I could not witness the first words of little Jones and the birth of our second child. But I comforted myself; this is for their own good. And two years is not that long…

Within this short period of time, I have observed enough why there is a certain type of “greatness” in US universities. They are focused on research. It is a little bit contrary to our system where we focused so much on coursework and often question the legitimacy of research in engineering. Here, an academic program won’t exist without research and extension activities. Their philosophy is that students will be exposed on practical aspects of their profession if they do research. They would discover things independently. Students would view a new world of reality that is outside from what is written in a textbook. So the saying goes, learning by doing.

Funding may be a standing block to conduct research. But research does not necessarily mean big programs that entail millions of pesos. Research can be term papers, laboratory reports, and case studies. The only thing we miss is we sometimes (if not always) failed to document what we have done on a day. It would be lucky enough if we could see term papers done by students in 1970s. There is academic progression where a current student can see what their predecessor have done and have succeeded (or failed). In this way, they can look on the loopholes and try to work on it and to come with new ideas to suppress whatever failure may have been. So as the time goes on, we are evolving a relatively perfect science.

Meanwhile, I notice the multidisciplinary approach to academic programs here. For example, my concentration is environmental engineering. However, my world is not confined in the biological and agricultural engineering department. Hopefully, I will be working on waste management of recirculating aquaculture systems. In this case, my adviser would readily admit that his expertise is in waste management and not in aquaculture, hence, we employed an aquaculture expert in the committee. Is it possible for USM to set aside its departmentalism and do the multidisciplinary approach?

An example would be: a student may try to develop a computerized stream gauging device with sensors. It can be a group project comprising students from computer, civil and agricultural engineering. The merit of this kind of approach, students will learn to deal with persons from diverse backgrounds. This will enhance camaraderie among students and would eliminate bitterness of students towards another group of students. Students who would concentrate in crop processing may deal with horticulture and food technology students to conduct a team research. If a student would like to study the soundness and functionality of a certain piggery house may collaborate with a civil engineering and an animal science student.  Will certain machinery be economically viable for our farms? Then a student may pair with an AgEcon stude.

I even look forward for an Inter-university collaboration like that in Europe and here in NC. I can enroll subjects in Duke University and University of North Carolina. I can borrow books from other libraries in the US.  Perhaps, this is still long way for us, but it is not impossible. A MSAE program perhaps between USEP, MSU, and USM?

Perhaps, these are the things that I have observed so far here in my short stint. My work here is a mission. At any rate, I now realized that the government has spent millions for my stay here. I should look further at US educational system and would try to model but not necessarily copy.

But there is one thing I have discovered which we may be proud of. Our students are far more intellectually gifted than their counterparts here. We need only to drive our students to achieve their highest potentials. Students, likewise, should readily accept this challenge. 

            My trip here is not enjoyment. It is a mission. Leaving my family behind is great pain for me. It is sacrifice. Snowland is not paradise. The Philippines is (sans the gun battles of course!). I SHALL RETURN!

(Do you think this article is still relevant this time around? Share this to other USM constituents!)

ganyan din kami noon

"Nganong dili pa man ka mohawa sa USM nak," tanong ng aking ama. Pilit kong iniiwasan ang tanong na yaon. Hindi ako umimik. "Sa akong paminsar dili maayo ang imong kahimtang didto. Uy tuod diay giimbita ka sa imong mga classmate sa high school. Sunduon ka nila unya diri sa balay. Nindot kaayo tong Pajero sa classmate nimo ba!"

Usapang mag-ama. Ganito ang aming malimit na pinag-uusapan. Mga pangarap niya para sa amin. Kumustahan sa mga apo. Ano ang dapat gawin sa mga bata. Mga possibleng negosyo. Libre nga daw mangarap.

Pilit kong binura ang mga tanong na yaon. Ngunit di ko maaalis sa aking isipan. Napailing ako at napatanaw sa bintana ng van. Papauwi na ako sa Kabacan sa van na masikip. Sa palibot ng halakhakan ng kapwa pasahero. Sa nagaurok na ale sa tabi ko. Napabuntong hininga ako. Kaganda ngang sakyan ang Pajero ng classmate ko. At marami na rin silang may mga sasakyan. "Special" guest nila ako. Of course ako kaya ang valedictorian namin. At siguro pasalamat na rin sa mga kopyahan noon.

Pero di ko pa rin naiaalis ang magmuni-muni sa aking kalagayan. Bakit nga ba ako nagtitiis sa USM? Marami na ring pagsubok ang dumaan sa akin sa USM. Noong una akong nagturo sa USM, kailangan kong pumasok pitong araw sa isang linggo para maabot ko ang pitong libo na sahod sa isang buwan sa panahong sampung libo na ang pinakababang Instructor I. Pero di naman ganoon kamalas, di nagtagal at nakakuha na rin ako ng item makalipas ang dalawang taon. Masuwerte daw ako.

Masuwerte ulit at natanggap ako sa isang scholarship papuntang Estados Unidos. Malas dahil maiiwan ko ang aking panganay at buntis na asawa sa loob ng dalawang taon. Habang nasa Amerika ako, nagpapakadalubhasa ako at nangangarap na maiangat ang aking estado sa USM pagbalik ko. Ngunit minalas ulit. Aking napag-alaman na na-promote yung naiwan na hindi nakapag-aral. At ako na nag-aral ay di muna napagbigyan kasi "nakalabas ka na naman eh, swerte mo na nga". Habang ang dati kong mga estudyante na nagtuturo na ngayon ay mas mataas na ang rangko kesa sa akin, ako ay nakapako pa rin sa Instructor. "Magtiis ka lang, darating din yan sa'yo, ganyan din kami noon". Lalong   namumutawi ang mga tanong ng aking ama sa aking isipan. Nagdadalawang isip na.. Huwag na lang kaya? sabi nga sa kanta.  

Heto ako ngayon nag-aaral ulit ng aking doctoral. Meron ng pag-aangat ng rangko (Instuctor 3). Pero aaminin ko natanong ko na rin noon kung ano ang halaga ko sa USM. Bakit hindi nasusuklian ang mga pagpupursige ko. Aaminin ko malaki ang naging epekto sa aking pagkatao na unti-unting humahablot sa hibla ng aking pagiging guro. Ang taas ng standard ng USM! Di pala sapat na board topnotcher ka at honor graduate. Sa mga pagkakataong yaon, naaninag ko ang luntiang parang sa ibayo. Bakit pa kailangang magpursige, kung parehas man lang pala?  Ipagpaumanhin ninyo po kung nagbubuhat po ako ng bangko. Sa totoo lang hindi na mahalaga ang mga parangal na yan. Tanggap ko na ang aking kinasasadlakan at aasa na lang sa biyayang akma para sa akin. Ngunit bakit nga ba hindi pa ako aalis sa USM?

Iba kasi ang pakiramdam kung makikita mong nakangiti ang mga estudyante mo dahil may nakuha silang sagot sa mga aralin. Iba kasi ang pakiramdam kapag nababasa mo ang mga pangalan ng mga dati mong estudyante na nasa dyaryo na at nakapasa sa eksamen. Iba ang pakiramdam kapag meron kang dating estudyante na ilibre ka ng pizza pie sa may Cubao. Iba ang pakiramdam pag meron kang estudyante na yayain kang magpakasal este ninong sa kasal. Iba ang pakiramdam pag nakita mo sa FB ang mga dating estudyante nakapaskil ang hitsura ng mga paslit nila sa profile pic. Masaya na akong makikita ang mga batang naglalaro sa luntiang parang na kumakaway at nagpapasalamat.  Nakakawalang pagod.

Ang samo ko na lang na darating ang panahon na masabi ko sa mga nakakabata kong guro na "Hindi na mangyayari sa inyo ang nangyari sa akin noon". At sana darating din ang panahon na masagot ko na ang aking ama na, "Masaya po ako".

Hangga't mayroon pang hibla ng pagiging guro sa aking katauhan di ako hihintong magturo.

(Kung makarelate ka nito, i-share mo!)

PD 1312 MIT conversion to USM

Presidential Decree 1312

CONVERTING THE MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INTO THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO.

WHEREAS, the constitution of the Philippines directs the State to establish and maintain a complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the goals of national development, and further prescribes that all educational institutions shall aim, among other things, to develop scientific, technological and vocational efficiency;

WHEREAS, under Presidential Decree No. 6-A, promulgated on September 29, 1972, it has been declared a policy of the Government to orient the educational system towards an accelerated national economic growth;

WHEREAS, the southern part of Mindanao needs a state university to help in accelerating the socio-economic development of the region;

WHEREAS, the Mindanao Institute of Technology, established under Republic Act Numbered Seven Hundred Sixty Three as amended by Republic Act Numbered Four Thousand One Hundred Twenty Seven, situated in the Municipality of Kabacan, Province of North Cotabato, has achieved a high degree of development that it is now capable of rendering greater service to the people of Mindanao;

WHEREAS, the Institute is strategically located, being situated at the intersection of the highways connecting the cities of Cotabato, Davao and Cagayan de Oro and, therefore, very accessible to students from the different parts of Mindanao;

WHEREAS, the Conversion of the Mindanao Institute of Technology into a University which broadens its curricular offerings would permit the enrollment of more students in different higher education courses, thus hastening the integration of Christians, Muslims, and other cultural communities in Southern Mindanao;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers in me vested by the Constitution, and pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081 dated September 21, 1972, as amended, do hereby order and decree to be part of the laws of the land the following:

Section 1. The present Mindanao Institute of Technology, located in the Municipality of Kabacan, Province of North Cotabato, is hereby converted into the University of Southern Mindanao (USM).

Section 2. The University shall have the following major functions:

    (a) Provide programs of instruction and professional training primarily in the fields of science and technology, specially in agriculture and industrial fields;

    (b) Promote advance studies, research and extension services and progressive leadership in all fields of agriculture, including agribusiness, foods and nutrition, fishery, forestry, animal and veterinary sciences, engineering, industrial education, and other courses needed in the socio-economic development of Mindanao;

    (c) Develop courses at the graduate level along its fields of specialization to respond to the needs of development workers in the academic community in the region;

    (d) Provide non-formal education and undertake vigorous extension and research programs in food production, nutrition, health and sports development; and

    (e) Offer scholarships and/or part-time job opportunities to deserving students from low-income families.

Section 3. The University of Southern Mindanao shall have the general powers of a corporation set forth in the Corporation Law, and the administration of such University and the exercise of its corporate powers are vested exclusively in the Board of Regents and in the President of the University insofar as authorized by said Board.

Section 4. The head of the University shall be known as the President of the University of Southern Mindanao. He shall be appointed by the Board of Regents for a term of six years with a contingent appointment of University Professor in his discipline and a compensation to be fixed by the said Boards. The powers and duties of the President of the University, in addition to those specifically provided for in this decree, shall be those usually pertaining to the Office of the President of the University.

Section 5. The governing body of the University shall be the Board of Regents of the University of Southern Mindanao.

    (a) The Board of Regents shall take appropriate steps to ensure that the establishment of the University of Southern Mindanao shall aim at the speedy realization of the goals above indicated;

    (b) To facilitate this objective, there shall be a Board of Regents of eight members composed of:

1.            Secretary, Department of Education and Culture              Chairman

2.            University President       Vice-Chairman

3.            Director for Regional Planning, National Economic & Development Authority (NEDA)       Member

4.            President of the USM Alumni Association             Member

5.            One prominent Muslim of the Region to be appointed by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Secretary of Education and Culture            Member

6.            Secretary, Department of Agriculture     Member

7.            Chairman, National Science Development Board               Member

8.            A representative of the USM Student Body         Member

    (c) Members of the Board shall serve without compensation in any form whatsoever, whether as salary, honorarium, allowances or other emoluments; Provided, however, that actual and necessary expenses incurred either in attendance upon meeting of the Board or upon other official business duly authorized by the Board may be reimbursed by the members.

Section 6. In addition to its general powers of administration, the Board of Regents shall have the following powers and duties:

    (a) To appoint, upon the recommendation of the President, the following:

        1. The Secretary of the University, and other officers of administration therein;

        2. The deans, directors, or heads of colleges, schools, institutes and other principal units of the University, academic or non-academic, which are not supervised by or attached to such units;

        3. Faculty members with the rank of associate professor or higher, professional lecturers, visiting or exchange faculty; and other officers and employees whose starting salaries are at least equal to that of associate professor, insofar as the following personnel actions are involved: original appointments; reappointments/renewal/transfer with change in rank or salaries; and promotion or salary increases.

    (b) To plan and provide for the establishment of schools, colleges, and departments for the professional degrees in agriculture, engineering, home economics, education, industrial education, forestry, fishery, animal and veterinary medicine sciences, architecture and other such schools, colleges, and departments as deemed necessary; and advanced or graduate degrees along the foregoing fields.

    (c) To authorize and appropriate revolving funds for the operation and management of all university income producing projects and to promulgate rules and regulations for the operation and management of the same and for the accounting and auditing of their funds, income and expenses, any provisions of law to the contrary notwithstanding.

    (d) To admit to the University, public institutions of learning in Southern Mindanao which may desire to affiliate as schools or colleges or branches of the University; Provided, That such institutions are eligible for affiliation and that such affiliation will enhance the purposes of the University.

    (e) To authorize the construction and repair of all university buildings and other permanent improvements under the direct administration and supervision of the University, upon recommendation of the President.

    (f) To promulgate policies, rules and regulations necessary for the effective and efficient governance of the university, delegate certain authorities and responsibilities to the President as deemed appropriate, and prescribe rule under which the President can enter into contracts without prior approval of the Board of Regents, for the acquisition of properties and services, and purchase of equipment and supplies not exceeding certain cost or value; Provided, that all such contracts shall be reported to the Board of Regents and purchase of equipment and supplies not exceeding certain cost or value; Provided, that all such contracts shall be reported to the Board of Regents.

Section 7. The President shall be the chief executive of the University and shall have the following powers and responsibilities:

    (a) To provide leadership for the University and shall preserve and protect its academic integrity and ensure the observance and implementation of the policies laid down by the Board of Regents.

    (b) To exercise within the framework of University policies primary authority and responsibility over the following areas: development planning and resource allocations; grants, endowments and fund raising; external relations and public affairs; and University policy relating to regional development programs, curricula, and matters affecting the rights, privileges, responsibilities and welfare of the University constituency.

    (c) To formulate integrated and comprehensive plans for the University, including academic, research, extension, physical development, and fiscal plans.

    (d) To coordinate the activities and programs of the University with the other component units and institutions, and have under review goals and objectives of the various units and institutions, appraise their performance in relation to goals, and recommend appropriate action by the Board of Regents.

    (e) To appoint officers, faculty members, and other employees in the University, subject to Section 6 of this decree; and to designate officers-in-charge of the units therein for a period not exceeding two months, without prejudice to the authority granted deans and directors to designate officers-in-charge their respective units.

    (f) To appoint, transfer or promote personnel of the University as herein below provided; fix their work schedules; grant leaves of absence; and approve their special detail, additional assignments, additional compensation, resignation and retirement in accordance with the policies approved by the Board of Regents.

    (g) To set up machinery for review of all disciplinary actions appealable to the Office of the President, and for the consideration of positions for redress of grievances.

    (h) To submit to the Board of Regents the course of study and academic programs, rules of discipline, and awards of degrees and diplomas as recommended by the University Council.

    (i) To award fellowships, assistantships and scholarships to students, faculty members and other personnel, in accordance with the policies prescribed by the Board of Regents.

    (j) To plan, prepare and implement a University program for the training and education of adult citizens and out-of-school youths.

    (k) To negotiate and obtain grants for specific projects, gifts and donations of real or personal property of all kinds, subject to the confirmation of the Board of Regents, and to administer the same for the benefit of the University, its units, departments, or students in accordance with the directions and instructions of the donor, and in default thereof, in such manner as the Board of Regents may in its discretion determines.

    (l) To maintain links with other academic and research institutions as to ensure fruitful academic and technical interchange and maximize the use of human and physical resources.

    (m) To prepare for approval of the Board of Regents the budget of the University.

    (n) To submit to the Board of Regents annual report on the operation of the University, and such other reports as the latter may require.

    (o) To prescribe rules and regulations not contrary to law for the governance of the University consistent with its purposes and the policies laid down by the Board of Regents.

    (p) To exercise such other powers and discharge such other responsibilities as may be delegated to him by the Board of Regents; Provided, that he shall institute or effect an appropriate and efficient exercise or discharge such powers or responsibilities as may be necessary for the expeditious administration of the University.

Section 8. A quorum of the Board of Regents shall consist of a majority of all the members holding office at the time the meeting is called. All processes against the Board of Regents shall be served on the President or secretary thereof.

Section 9. There shall be a secretary of the University, who shall serve concurrently as the Secretary of the Board of Regents.

Section 10. There shall be a University Council consisting of the President, Vice-President/s, Deans, Heads of Academic Departments, Assistant Professors, Associate Professors, and Professors. The President shall be the chairman of the Council.

Subject to the approval of the Board of Regents, upon the recommendation of the President in accordance with the policies and standards established by the Board, the University Council shall:

    (a) Prescribed the course of study, curricula and rules of discipline of students;

    (b) Fix the requirements for admission to any College or unit of the University and for graduation and the awarding of degrees;

    (c) Recommend recipients of degrees or diplomas;

    (d) Exercise disciplinary powers over the students through the President or its appropriate Committees pursuant to the rules of discipline prescribed by the Board of Regents; and

    (e) Create Committees as it may deem necessary for the performance of its functions.

Section 11. The instructors and professors of each College shall constitute its faculty to be presided by a Dean who shall be selected from among the members of such faculty for a term fixed by the University Council and conformed by the Board of Regents, upon recommendation of the President of the University.

Section 12. In the appointment of instructors or professors to the University, religious opinions or affiliations shall not be made a matter of inquiry or explanation; Provided, however, that no instructor or professor shall inculcate sectarian tenets in any of his teachings nor attempt directly or indirectly, under penalty of dismissal by the Board of Regents, to influence students or attendants of the University for or against any particular church, denomination or religious sect; Provided, further, that no member of the faculty of the University shall attempt directly or indirectly, under penalty of dismissal by the Board of Regents, to influence students or attendants of the University towards any ideology, political or otherwise, which preaches the overthrow of the Government through violence or subversion.

Section 13. Professors or instructors seeking appointments in the University shall be exempt from Civil Service Examinations or regulations; provided, however, that copies of their appointments shall be furnished to the Civil Service Commission for notation and record purposes.

Section 14. A student shall not be denied admission to the University by reason of sex, ethnic consideration, religious belief or affiliation.

Section 15. On or before the fifteenth day of January of each calendar year, the Board of Regents shall file with the President of the Philippines a detailed report setting forth the progress, condition and needs of the University.

Section 16. Heads of Bureaus and Offices of the National Government are hereby authorized to loan or transfer, upon request of the President of the University, such apparatus, equipment or supplies as may be needed by the University and to detail employees for duty therein, when in the judgment of the head of the Bureau of Office, such apparatus, equipment, supplies or services of such employees can be spared without serious detriment to the public service. Employees so detailed shall perform such duties as required under such detail, and the time so employed shall be counted as part of their official service.

Section 17. The College President and all the personnel of the Mindanao Institute of Technology, as well as its unexpended appropriations, and all its assets and liabilities are hereby automatically absorbed by the University of Southern Mindanao. The position of College President of the Mindanao Institute of Technology is hereby converted into University President without the necessity of issuance of new appointment; Provided, that the six years term starts upon the approval of this decree.

Section 18. In addition to the amount already appropriated for the Mindanao Institute of Technology, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of Twenty (P20) Million Pesos for purposes of carrying out immediately the provisions of this decree. Hereafter, the sum of Ten (P10) Million Pesos, in addition to existing budget, shall be appropriated annually and included in the General Appropriation Act to carry out the provisions of this Decree.

Section 19. All acts, parts of acts, executive orders, ordinances, rules and regulations which are inconsistent with the provisions of this decree are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.

Section 20. This decree shall take effect immediately.

Done in the City of Manila, this 13th day of March, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-eight. - Pres Ferdinand Marcos

RA 4127 - MIT Charter Amendments

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4127

AN ACT TO AMEND CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SEVEN HUNDRED SIXTY-THREE, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CHARTER OF THE MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SECTION 1.    Section one of Republic Act Numbered Seven hundred sixty-three, otherwise known as the Charter of the Mindanao Institute of Technology, is hereby amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 1.    There is hereby established in the Municipal District of Kabacan, Province of Cotabato, island of Mindanao, a vocational college to be known as the Mindanao Institute of Technology which will offer not only elementary, secondary general, secondary vocational and normal courses of instruction but also collegiate courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Home Economics, Bachelor of Science in Education, Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering and such other courses leading to bachelor's degree. It shall also offer courses on the graduate level along its fields of specialization as the need of the college and community so demands. It shall likewise offer opportunities for manual labor as assistance to self-supporting students.

SECTION 2.    Section three of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 3.    The governing body of the Institute shall be the Board of Trustees of the Mindanao Institute of Technology. The said Board shall be composed of the Secretary of Education, who shall be the Chairman, the Chairman of the Committee on Education of the Senate, the Chairman of the Committee on Education of the House of Representatives, the Director of Public Schools, the President of the College, the representative selected by the Mindanao Institute of Technology Alumni Association, and a prominent member of cultural minority of Cotabato to be designated by the President of the Philippines. In the absence or the inability of the Secretary of Education, or in the event that there is no incumbent Secretary of Education, the Undersecretary of Education shall act as the ex-officio chairman of the Board of Trustees. In the absence or inability of the Director of Public Schools to attend meetings of the Board, he shall be represented by the Assistant Director for Vocational Education.

"The trustees of the Institute shall serve without compensation other than actual and necessary expenses incurred either in attendance upon meetings of the Board or upon other official business authorized by resolution thereof."

SECTION 3.    Sub-section (c) of Section four of the same Act is amended to read as follows:

"(c)    To appoint, on the recommendation of the President of the Institute, teachers, principals, supervisors, instructors, professors, lecturers, and other employees of the Institute, to fix their compensation, hours of service and such other duties and conditions as it may deem proper; to grant to them, in its discretion, leave of absence under such regulation as it may promulgate, any other provisions of law notwithstanding, and to remove them for cause after investigation and hearing shall have been had;”

SECTION 4.    Section six of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 6.    On or before the fifteenth of the second month after the opening of regular classes of each year, the Board of Trustees shall file with the President of the Philippines a detailed report, setting forth the programs, conditions, and needs of the Institute."

SECTION 5.    This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: June 20, 1964

RA 998 - Enabling Act

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 998 
AN ACT APPROPRIATING THE SUM OF TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF THE MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CREATED BY REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SEVEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THREE, FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FOUR TO NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY FIVE

Approved by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay on June 10, 1954

Section 1.     The sum of two hundred thousand pesos, or so much thereof may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the establishment of the Mindanao Institute of Technology, created by Republic Act Numbered Seven Hundred and sixty-three, for the school year nineteen hundred and fifty-four to nineteen hundred and fifty five. 

Section 2.     This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

RA 763 - MIT Creation

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 763

AN ACT TO ESTABLISH THE MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Approved by President Elpidio Quirino on June 20, 1952

Section 1.    There is hereby established in the municipal district of Kabacan, Province of Cotabato, Island of Mindanao, a vocational college to be known as the Mindanao Institute of Technology which will offer not only elementary, secondary general, secondary vocational and normal courses of instruction but also collegiate agricultural and industrial courses leading to bachelors' degrees. It shall also offer opportunities for manual labor as assistance to self-supporting students.

Section 2.    The head of the Institute shall be known as the President of the Mindanao Institute of Technology. He shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines upon the recommendation of the Board of Trustees of the Institute. The powers and duties of the President of the Institute, in addition to those specifically provided in this Act, shall be those usually pertaining to the office of the president of a college or university. 

Section 3.    The governing body of the Institute shall be the Board of Trustees of the Mindanao Institute of Technology. The said Board shall be composed of the Secretary of Education, who shall be the chairman, the Chairman of the Committee on Education of the Senate, the Chairman of the Committee on Education of the House of Representatives, the Director of Public Schools, the President of the College, and a prominent non-Christian resident of Cotabato to be designated by the President of the Philippines.

The trustees of the Institute shall serve without compensation other than actual and necessary expenses incurred either in attendance upon meetings of the Board or upon other official business authorized by resolution thereof.

Section 4.    The Board of Trustees shall have the following powers and duties, in addition to its general powers of administration:

(a)    To receive and appropriate to the ends specified by law such sums as may be provided by law for the support of the Institutes;

(b)    To confer certificates, diplomas or degrees upon successful candidates for graduation;

(c)    To appoint, on the recommendation of the President of the Institute, teachers, principals, supervisors, instructors, professors, lectures, and other employees of the Institute, to fix their compensation, hours of service and such other duties and conditions as it may deem proper; to grant to them, in its discretion, leave of absence under such regulations as it may promulgate, any other provisions of law notwithstanding and to remove them for cause after an investigation and hearing shall have been had;

(d)    To approve the curricula and rules of discipline drawn up by the Institute Council as hereinafter provided;

(e)    To fix the tuition fees required of students, as well as matriculation fees, graduation fees and fees for laboratory courses, and special fees, and to remit the same in special cases;

(f)    To provide fellowships for faculty members and scholarships to students showing special evidence of merit;

(g)    To provide rules for its own government, and to enact for the government of the Institute such general ordinances and regulations, not contrary to law, as are necessary;

(h)    To receive in trust legacies, gifts, and donations of real personal property of all kinds and to administer the same and other properties of the Institute for the benefit of the Institute or ford to any student, in accordance with the directions and instructions of the donor, and, in default thereof, in such manner as the Board of Trustees may in its discretion determine.

(i)    To mortgage, lease, pledge, or otherwise encumber the whole or any portion of the real or personal properties of the Institute.

Section 5.    A quorum of the Board of Trustees shall consist of a majority of all members. All process against the Board of Trustees shall be served on the President or secretary thereof.

Section 6.    On or before the fifteenth of June of each year, the Board of Trustees shall file with the President of the Philippines a detailed report, setting forth the progress, conditions, and needs of the Institute.

Section 7.    There shall be an Institute Council consisting of the President of the Institute and of all instructors and professors of the Institute. The Council shall have the power to prescribe the curricula and rules and discipline, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. It shall fix the requirements for admission to the Institute, as well as for graduation and the receiving of a degree. The Council alone shall have the power to recommend students or others to be recipients of degrees. Through its President or committee, it shall have disciplinary power over the students within the limits prescribed by the rules of discipline approved by the Board of Trustees.

Section 8.    The body of teachers, principals, supervisors, instructors and professors of the Institute shall constitute the faculty of the Institute, with the President of the Institute as the presiding officer. In the appointment of professors or instructors of the Institute, no religious test shall be applied, nor shall the religious opinions or affiliations of the faculty of the Institute be made a matter of examination or inquiry: Provided, however, That no instructor or professor in the Institute shall inculcate sectarian tenets in any of the teachings, nor attempt either directly or indirectly, under penalty of dismissal by the Board of Trustees, to influence students or attendants at the Institute for or against any particular church or religious sect.

Section 9.    Professors and other regular instructors in the Institute shall be exempt as such from any civil service examinations or regulations as a requisite to appointment.

Section 10.    There shall be a secretary of the Institute, appointed by the Board of Trustees. He shall be the secretary of such Board and also of the Institute, and shall keep such records of the Institute as may be designated by the Board.

Section 11.    The following property and all its improvements are hereby transferred to the Mindanao Institute of Technology for the use of the Institute in carrying out the purposes on this Act:

C. T. Nos. 5 and 8, Lots Nos. 650-M and 649, PID-B.L. Survey 5 C-338-A, with sales Applications Nos. 338-A (E-29) of the Rio Grande Rubber Estate Company, situated in the municipal district of Kabacan, Province of Cotabato, Mindanao; containing an area of 1023.0025 hectares more or less (EPC Acct. No. 946).

The produce and income of the foregoing property and its improvements shall be expended by the Institute as hereinabove stated.

Section 12.    The sum of fifty thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated from the National Treasury to carry the purposes of this Act.

Section 13.    This Act shall take effect upon its approval.